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Biologisch Psychiatrische Methoden:

Wien Klin Wochenschr 2002 Mar 28;114(5-6):181-6 
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)--from diagnostic procedure to therapy
Quiner S, Letmaier M, Barnas C, Heiden A, Kasper S.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been a well-established diagnostic
tool in neurological practice for many years. It has been shown to be a safe and
well tolerated method. Lately this technique has also found its way to
psychiatry for the treatment of mood disorders. Several studies which
investigated TMS of deeper brain regions found antidepressive effects in analogy
to electro convulsive therapy (ECT). This could present a significant advantage,
because TMS provides non-invasive and painless stimulation of the cerebral
cortex. The method is based on the principle that a time-varying magnetic field
induces an electric field which leads to activation of inhibitory and excitatory
neurons in neural tissue. The magnetic field pervades the intact scalp and skull
without loss of energy. Both case reports as well as clinical studies have shown
that TMS could present a promising option in the treatment of depression. A
review of the literature demonstrates that further studies are needed to clarify
many questions regarding technical and clinical aspects, such as dosage,
duration of application, localization of the coils, as well as the impact of
rapid-rate TMS and stronger magnetic field generators, before TMS will become an
established tool in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.