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Forschung - Publikationsliste

Publikationsliste nach Themen gereiht (zur Übersicht):

Forensik:

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 2007, 35, N3, 199-205 
Besuchsrechtsverfahren - eine Bestandaufnahme gegenwärtiger Tätigkeit 
Sabine Völkl-Kernstock, Nicolas Bein, Christian Klicpera, Heidrun Eichberger, Max H. Friedrich

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Im Rahmen einer Österreich umfassenden Evaluierungsstudie wurden sämtliche gerichtlich zertifizierte Sachverständige (SV), die in Familienrechtsverfahren bestellt werden, per Fragebogen kontaktiert und eine Bestandaufnahme vorherrschender Begutachtungsmodalität und -praxis durchgeführt. Methodik: Ein auf den Regeln der Testtheorie basierender Fragebogen wurde dazu entwickelt. Ergebnisse: Bei einer Rücklaufquote von 33% (n = 25) ist eine grundsätzlich homogene Gewichtung der einzelnen Sorgerechtskriterien durch die SV erkennbar, bei jedoch unterschiedlich angewendeten Methoden und Testverfahren sowie fehlenden einheitlichen Theoriekonzepten. In Ergänzung zu der bisher verfahrensrechtlich möglichen Statusdiagnostik wird von den SV die lösungs- und prozessorientierte Begutachtungsmodalität mehrheitlich als anstrebenswert erachtet. Schlussfolgerungen: Aufgrund der Vakanz standardisierter Verfahren, die im Rahmen von Begutachtungen anwendbar sind, sollten psychologische Testverfahren zur Überprüfung einzelner Entscheidungskriterien nach den Regeln der Testtheorie entwickelt werden. Die Umsetzbarkeit des Ansatzes einer lösungs- bzw. prozessorientierten Sachverständigenarbeit unter Verfassung methodisch-theoretischer sowie normativer Rahmenbedingungen ist auf Ebene der SV und Juristen zu diskutieren.

The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2006, 67(5): 808-20
Juvenile maladaptive aggression: a review of prevention, treatment, and service configuration and a proposed research agenda
D. F. Connor, G. A. Carlson, K. D. Chang, P. T. Daniolos, R. Ferziger, R. L. Findling, J. G. Hutchinson, R. P. Malone, J. M. Halperin, B. Plattner, R. M. Post, D. L. Reynolds, K. M. Rogers, K. Saxena and H. Steiner

OBJECTIVE: To review prevention programs, psychosocial and psychopharmacologic treatments, and service delivery configurations for children and adolescents with maladaptive aggression. To propose a research agenda for disorders of aggression in child and adolescent psychiatry. DATA SOURCES: Recent empirical studies were reviewed using searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO (text terms: aggression, antisocial, violence, conduct, oppositional, psychosocial treatment, psychopharmacology, and prevention), relevant books, review articles, and bibliographies. DATA EXTRACTION: Articles met the following criteria: published in an English-language, peer-reviewed journal between 1980 and 2005, included a focus on individuals < 18 years old, and included an outcome measure of relevant significance. STUDY SELECTION: Results of 154 randomized, controlled psychosocial treatment trials, 20 controlled psychopharmacology studies, 4 open-label medication studies, and 2 psychopharmacology meta-analyses were reviewed. RESULTS: Prevention programs show promise for reducing future aggression in at-risk populations. Empirical support is available for the effectiveness of multifocused psychosocial treatments in reducing aggression in children and adolescents. Atypical antipsychotics, lithium, divalproex sodium, and stimulants for conduct problems associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have empirical support for reducing aggression in selected patient populations. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic nihilism in the treatment of aggressive children and adolescents with conduct problems is no longer warranted. Multifocused psychosocial interventions given early in life to at-risk children have the most support for effectiveness. However, treatments for children who routinely present to the child psychiatrist with already well-established disorders of aggression are neither robust nor well-established. Further research into maladaptive aggression in referred children and adolescents within and across psychiatric diagnoses is important for the field of child and adolescent psychiatry.

Child psychiatry and human development, 2007, 38(2): 155-69
State and trait emotions in delinquent adolescents
B. Plattner, N. Karnik, B. Jo, R. E. Hall, A. Schallauer, V. Carrion, M. Feucht and H. Steiner

OBJECTIVE: To examine the structure of emotions and affective dysregulation in juvenile delinquents. METHOD: Fifty-six juvenile delinquents from a local juvenile hall and 169 subjects from a local high school were recruited for this study. All participants completed psychometric testing for trait emotions followed by measurements of state emotions under two conditions (free association and stress condition). Finally, delinquent participants completed a detailed assessment of past trauma using the Childhood Trauma Interview (CTI). RESULTS: Delinquents exhibit significantly higher levels of negative state and trait emotions when compared to a high school sample. In the delinquent sample chronicity of physical trauma affects the longstanding variable of trait emotionality and severity of trauma, specifically emotional abuse and witnessing violence, shapes negative emotional outcomes in state emotionality. In addition, delinquents appear to experience a wider range of emotions than the comparison sample and were more likely to experience a confluence of state emotions of sadness and anger under stressed conditions. CONCLUSION: Adolescent delinquents appear to have a different experience of negative emotions than comparison adolescents. The experience of emotions appears to differ in state and trait conditions. These emotions may be related to childhood experiences of trauma.

Child psychiatry and human development, 2007, 38(2): 107-19
Relationship between Defenses, Personality, and Affect During a Stress Task in Normal Adolescents
H. Steiner, S. J. Erickson, P. Maclean, S. Medic, B. Plattner and C. Koopman

OBJECTIVE: Although there are extensive data on the relationship between personality and stress reactivity in adults, there is little comparable empirical research with adolescents. This study examines the simultaneous relationships between long term functioning (personality, defenses) and observed stress reactivity (affect) in adolescents. METHODS: High school students (N = 169; mean age 16; 73 girls) were asked to participate in two conditions of the Stress Induced Speech Task (SIST): Free Association and Stressful Situation. Immature and mature defenses, distress and restraint personality dimensions, and negative and positive affect were examined. RESULTS: Greater reported use of immature defenses was significantly associated with negative affect, whereas greater reported use of mature defenses was significantly associated with greater positive affect. Although personality style was also a significant predictor of negative affect across two out of three conditions, defenses were better overall predictors of affect than were personality dimensions. Gender was also a significant predictor of negative affect, wherein girls reported more negative affect than boys. DISCUSSION: Defenses and personality style predict affective response during a moderately stressful task. Immature defenses and, to a lesser extent, the distress personality dimension predict mobilization of negative affect, whereas mature defenses predict the reporting of positive affect. These results relate to processes central to psychotherapy: defensive responding, personality style, and affective reactivity during the recounting of stressful events.