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Impaired Mineral Ion Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Targeted Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Deletion from Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Martin Schepelmann (group Enikö Kallay) and national and international colleagues and collaborators have just published a study in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN), one of the highest ranked and most...[more]

 

Vaccine based on folded RBD-PreS fusion protein with potential to induce sterilizing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants

The preclinical data for a vaccine developed at MedUni Vienna to protect against SARS-CoV-2 indicates that it is effective against all SARS-CoV-2 variants known to date, including omicron - even in those who have not yet built up...[more]

 

Birch pollen allergic patients have IgE and IgG antibodies binding to diverse patterns of conformational epitopes on the major allergen, Bet v 1

Schmalz S, Mayr V, Shosherova A, Gepp B, Ackerbauer D, Sturm G, Bohle B, Breiteneder H, Radauer C. Isotype-specific binding patterns of serum antibodies to multiple conformational epitopes of Bet v 1.[more]

 

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 requires antibodies against conformational receptor-binding domain epitopes.

Gattinger P, Niespodziana K, Stiasny K, Sahanic S, Tulaeva I, Borochova K, Dorofeeva Y, Schlederer T, Sonnweber T, Hofer G, Kiss R, Kratzer B, Trapin D, Tauber PA, Rottal A, Körmöczi U, Feichter M, Weber M, Focke-Tejkl M,...[more]

 

Stereo-Specific Modulation of the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Colon Cancer Cells

Martin Schepelmann, Nadja Kupper, Marta Sladczyk, Bethan Mansfield, Teresa Manhardt, Karina Piatek, Luca Iamartino, Daniela Riccardi, Benson M. Kariuki, Marcella Bassetto, and Enikö Kallay Stereo-Specific Modulation of the...[more]

 

Amirreza Mahbod, Post-Doc in the group of Isabella Ellinger, has achieved PLACE 1 in the leaderboard of the MICCAI 2021 Foot Ulcer Segmentation Challenge.

Foot ulcer is a common complication of diabetes mellitus; it is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and remains a major risk factor for lower leg amputation. Extracting accurate morphological features from the...[more]

 

AID/APOBECs among important factors in body’s defence against SARS-CoV-2

Research team comprising Anastasia Meshcheryakova, Diana Mechtcheriakova and Peter Pietschmann from the Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research has addressed the potential interrelations between AID/APOBECs and the...[more]

 
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AID/APOBECs among important factors in body’s defence against SARS-CoV-2

Research team comprising Anastasia Meshcheryakova, Diana Mechtcheriakova and Peter Pietschmann from the Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research has addressed the potential interrelations between AID/APOBECs and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, particularly in connection with the course of COVID-19 in different patients. This could provide a starting point for future clinical strategies to improve and strengthen individual antiviral response.

Together with their multifaceted action mechanisms, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and so-called APOBEC proteins are important factors in the body's immune response and offer fast and effective protection against a large number of DNA and RNA viruses. The task of AID is to strengthen the human immune response, while APOBECs are able to block the virus.

The defence mechanisms associated with AID/APOBECs in response to the coronavirus were assessed on the basis of integrative data mining and gene expression analyses, as part of a study conducted with international partners. It was found that members of the APOBEC family are preferentially expressed in a particular type of cell or tissue: "However, this does not mean that a particular cell type only expresses a particular member of the APOBEC family but that each cell type exhibits its own characteristic APOBEC repertoire," explains Diana Mechtcheriakova.

What is completely new is that the researchers found that APOBEC4 is highly expressed in cells and tissues that are points of attack for SARS-CoV-2. These include epithelial cells in the bronchi, in the lungs, in the trachea and in the nose. It was also found that there is an extremely high level of expression of both molecules (one of the members of the APOBEC family and ACE2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2), in the gastrointestinal tract, in the heart and in the testis.

"Based on this knowledge, the clinical challenge in the future will be to characterise the antiviral cell status attributed to AID/APOBECs specific to patients and/or patient groups and to correlate the cell-type-specific AID/APOBEC gene expression signature with the organs affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of COVID-19," explains Mechtcheriakova.

A particular role in this process is attributed to AID, since it co-determines the strength of an adaptive immune response. "The AID-driven, highly coordinated sequence of events, which all occur in specialised immunological lymphoid structures with germinal centres, results in the production of high-affinity antibodies by plasma cells or memory B cells. These antibodies are directed against the pathogen causing the disease, such as SARS-CoV-2, either in the course of infection or of an immune response to a vaccine," explains Anastasia Meshcheryakova. The role of these complex lymphoid structures and of AID is of great importance for our further understanding of the pathobiology of COVID-19, and consequently for the development of new therapeutic approaches.

The results of the study have now been published in the journal "Frontiers in Immunology”. The study was funded by the "Medical and Scientific fund of the Mayor of the Federal Capital Vienna", the " Foundation Fund to Promote the Fight against Tuberculosis and other Lung Diseases" as part of the special SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 call.

Service: Frontiers in Immunology, Viral Immunology
"AID and APOBECs as multifaceted intrinsic virus-restricting factors: emerging concepts in the light of COVID-19." Anastasia Meshcheryakova, Peter Pietschmann, Philip Zimmermann, Igor B. Rogozin and Diana Mechtcheriakova. Front. Immunol. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.690416.

Link to the paper

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.690416/full

Link to MedUni NEWS

https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/web/ueber-uns/news/2021/news-im-juli-2021/aid/apobecs-als-wichtiger-teil-der-koerpereigenen-abwehr-gegen-sars-cov-2/

 

 

 
 
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